All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.
Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.
Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.
Original Submission Date Received: .
- Journals
-
- Active Journals
- Find a Journal
- Journal Proposal
- Proceedings Series
-
- Topics
- Information
-
- For Authors
- For Reviewers
- For Editors
- For Librarians
- For Publishers
- For Societies
- For Conference Organizers
- Open Access Policy
- Institutional Open Access Program
- Special Issues Guidelines
- Editorial Process
- Research and Publication Ethics
- Article Processing Charges
- Awards
- Testimonials
-
- Author Services
- Initiatives
-
- Sciforum
- MDPI Books
- Preprints.org
- Scilit
- SciProfiles
- Encyclopedia
- JAMS
- Proceedings Series
-
- About
-
- Overview
- Contact
- Careers
- News
- Press
- Blog
-
Sign In / Sign Up Submit
Journals
Nutrients
Volume 16
Issue 20
10.3390/nu16203480
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu
Article Menu
- Academic Editors
Alessandra Feraco
Andrea Armani
- Subscribe SciFeed
- Related Info Link
- More by Authors Links
- Table of Contents
announcement Help format_quote Cite
thumb_up ... Endorse textsms ... Comment
Need Help?
Support
Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.
Get Support
Feedback
Please let us know what you think of our products and services.
Give Feedback
Information
Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.
Get Information
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Open AccessArticle
by Agnieszka Suder Agnieszka Suder SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar Karol Makiel Karol Makiel SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar Aneta Targosz Aneta Targosz SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar Piotr Kosowski Piotr Kosowski SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar Robert M. Malina Robert M. Malina SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
2
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
3
Department of Petroleum Engineering, AGH University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
4
Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
5
School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(20), 3480; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203480 (registeringDOI)
Submission received: 19 August 2024 / Revised: 11 October 2024 / Accepted: 12 October 2024 / Published: 14 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Lifestyle and Eating Habits on Obesity)
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in body composition, adipokine levels, and dyslipidemia parameters in males with abdominal obesity following two distinct interventions: exercise alone and exercise combined with an ad libitum diet. Methods: This study included 44 males with abdominal obesity (mean age 34.7 ± 5.5 years, waist circumference [WC] 110.3 ± 8.5, BMI 32.0 ± 3.9), who were randomly assigned to three groups: an experimental group engaging in aerobic-resistance exercise (II, n = 16), an experimental group engaging in aerobic-resistance exercise combined with an ad libitum high-protein, low-glycemic index carbohydrate diet (III, n = 16), both interventions lasting 6 weeks, and a control group without interventions (I, n = 12). Body composition metrics (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], body fat [BF], abdominal fat [ABD]) and fat-free mass [FFM], along with biochemical blood analyses (irisin [IR], omentin [OMEN], glucose [GLU], insulin [INS], LDL- and HDL-cholesterol), were measured at baseline and after the 6-week intervention. The effects of the interventions on the analyzed variables across groups were assessed using mixed ANOVA tests with post-hoc comparisons. Effect size (ES) was also calculated using partial eta squared (𝜂p2). Results: The intervention in group III resulted in a significant decrease in IR (p < 0.01, 𝜂p2 = 0.03) by 41% and LDL-C (p < 0.01, 𝜂p2 = 0.02) by 14%. These effects were associated with a reduction in BF (p < 0.01, 𝜂p2 = 0.02) by 14%, ABD (p < 0.01, 𝜂p2 = 0.03) by 31%, and WC (p < 0.01, 𝜂p2 = 0.01) by 3%. In group II, decreases after 6 weeks of intervention were noted only in WC (p = 0.02, 𝜂p2 = 0.01) by 1% and in INS (p < 0.01, 𝜂p2 = 0.04) by 47%. No differences were found between groups. The use of low-glycemic index carbohydrates (p < 0.01, 𝜂p2 = 0.06) and increased protein intake (p < 0.01, 𝜂p2 = 0.30) led to changes in the fiber-to-energy value of the diet ratio (p < 0.01, 𝜂p2 = 0.18) and a reduction in dietary energy value (p < 0.01, 𝜂p2 = 0.13) by 23%, resulting in a greater energy deficit than in the II group. Conclusions: These findings highlight the effect of combining dietary and exercise interventions to achieve significant changes in body composition and metabolic parameters, even over a short period of intervention.
Keywords: aerobic-resistance exercise; abdominal obesity; body mass index; irisin; omentin; low-glycemic index; carbohydrates; fiber; protein intake
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Suder, A.; Makiel, K.; Targosz, A.; Kosowski, P.; Malina, R.M. Positive Effects of Aerobic-Resistance Exercise and an Ad Libitum High-Protein, Low-Glycemic Index Diet on Irisin, Omentin, and Dyslipidemia in Men with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3480. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203480
AMA Style
Suder A, Makiel K, Targosz A, Kosowski P, Malina RM. Positive Effects of Aerobic-Resistance Exercise and an Ad Libitum High-Protein, Low-Glycemic Index Diet on Irisin, Omentin, and Dyslipidemia in Men with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2024; 16(20):3480. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203480
Chicago/Turabian Style
Suder, Agnieszka, Karol Makiel, Aneta Targosz, Piotr Kosowski, and Robert M. Malina. 2024. "Positive Effects of Aerobic-Resistance Exercise and an Ad Libitum High-Protein, Low-Glycemic Index Diet on Irisin, Omentin, and Dyslipidemia in Men with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial" Nutrients 16, no. 20: 3480. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203480
Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
Article Metrics
Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online.
Cite
Export citation file: BibTeX | EndNote | RIS
MDPI and ACS Style
Suder, A.; Makiel, K.; Targosz, A.; Kosowski, P.; Malina, R.M. Positive Effects of Aerobic-Resistance Exercise and an Ad Libitum High-Protein, Low-Glycemic Index Diet on Irisin, Omentin, and Dyslipidemia in Men with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3480. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203480
AMA Style
Suder A, Makiel K, Targosz A, Kosowski P, Malina RM. Positive Effects of Aerobic-Resistance Exercise and an Ad Libitum High-Protein, Low-Glycemic Index Diet on Irisin, Omentin, and Dyslipidemia in Men with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2024; 16(20):3480. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203480
Chicago/Turabian Style
Suder, Agnieszka, Karol Makiel, Aneta Targosz, Piotr Kosowski, and Robert M. Malina. 2024. "Positive Effects of Aerobic-Resistance Exercise and an Ad Libitum High-Protein, Low-Glycemic Index Diet on Irisin, Omentin, and Dyslipidemia in Men with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial" Nutrients 16, no. 20: 3480. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203480
Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
Nutrients, EISSN 2072-6643, Published by MDPI
RSS Content Alert
Further Information
Article Processing Charges Pay an Invoice Open Access Policy Contact MDPI Jobs at MDPI
Guidelines
For Authors For Reviewers For Editors For Librarians For Publishers For Societies For Conference Organizers
MDPI Initiatives
Sciforum MDPI Books Preprints.org Scilit SciProfiles Encyclopedia JAMS Proceedings Series
© 1996-2024 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
Terms and Conditions Privacy Policy